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Slavery, 18th Century

The archives contain some explicit information about enslaved people bought to Sweden. At the end of the 18th Century, Admiral Per Lilliehorn, a prominent politician affiliated with the Royal Court Party (Against Parliamentary Constitution! For Sovereign Royal Power!), lived at Kråkerum Manor outside Mönsterås.

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Ironically, Admiral Lilliehorn was brought before a court-martial in 1790 and sentenced to death for refusing to obey Duke Karl's orders during the battle of the southernmost headland of the island of Öland. In the 1760s, however, long before the execution of his sentence, Lilliehorn had served a few years in the French Navy. It must have been during this time that he visited Lisbon and, among other things, bought a young black boy from the Guinea Coast, whom he later brought back to Sweden. We guess that the boy was born around 1750. Once in Småland, he was lodged at one of the farms on the Kråkerum Manor estate, where eventually he was taught the Christian faith by the Pastor of Mönsterås, Israel Melin. The boy was baptized and given the name Adolf Ludvig. He later married Annika Göransdotter, but they had no children. Adolf Ludvig remained in the area until his death in the autumn of 1803. According to Death Records, he was then a pauper from the village of Draknäs.

Paulus Zephyrin (or Lephyrin) is another person who is said to have been purchased and brought to Sweden. As a child, he was abducted from an unknown place in Africa. Paulus was sold and enslaved in America (probably the Caribbean) and came to Denmark as a fifteen-year-old from the Swedish colony of Saint Barthélemy (commonly known as St. Barts). Once in Copenhagen, he was "redeemed out of slavery" by the Swedish Baron Eric Ruuth in 1784. He then became part of the Ruuth family household, both in Stockholm and at Marsvinsholm Castle in the county of Skåne. Paulus Zephyrin was baptized on the second Sunday of advent in 1786 in the small medieval church of Skårby, north of Marsvinsholm. Among the godparents were friends of Eric Ruuth, who shared his background and interests as a Naval Officer, Baron, industrialist, and close friend of King Gustav III. How Paul Zephyrin fared later in life is unknown.

Sources

Information about Adolf Ludvig was sourced from the Death Records of Mönsterås Parish in 1803 and also from the Mönsterås blog 

Information about Paul Zephyrin can be found in Skårby Church Book from 1786 and also, at https://tidningar.kb.se/

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